As a vegan, you have made a courageous choice to abstain from eating animal products. However, while the vegan lifestyle is admirable, you may be susceptible to certain nutrient deficiencies that are more common in meat-free diets.
Because vegetarians and vegans don't eat meat and other food groups such as dairy or eggs, they are at risk for certain nutrient deficiencies not found in animal-sourced foods. The essential nutrients at risk include vitamin B12, D, iron, calcium and zinc.
Vitamin B12 deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in vegans. This is because vitamin B12 is mostly found in animal products and not in many plant-based foods. Vitamin B12 helps with neurological functions, DNA synthesis and red blood cell production. A lack of vitamin B12 can cause fatigue, nerve damage and mental health issues such as depression.
Vitamin D deficiency is also common among vegans and vegetarians because it is primarily obtained from fish, eggs and dairy products. Vitamin D is important in calcium absorption, bone health and overall immunity.
Iron is also a common deficiency for vegans as it is found in red meat and other animal products. Iron absorption is also hindered by phytic acid found in certain grains and legumes. Iron deficiency can cause anaemia, fatigue and other health problems.
Without proper protein intake, vegans can develop a zinc deficiency. Zinc helps with cell growth and repair, immunity and metabolism. A lack of zinc can cause fatigue, poor wound healing and cognitive issues.
A strict vegan diet can lead to nutrient deficiencies and associated health issues, so it’s important to know what nutrients you are missing out on and how to supplement your diet to maintain optimal health.
What five nutrients are vegans likely to miss?
For a vegan or vegetarian diet to be truly healthy, it is important to ensure an adequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals lacking in meat-free diets. These include:
Vitamin B12
Vegans may be at risk of a vitamin deficiency since vitamin B12 is found primarily in animal products.
But don't worry! There are many plant-based sources of vitamin B12, such as fortified cereals and non-dairy milk. You can include these foods in your meal plan or consider taking a vegan B12 supplement.
Iron
Vegetables like spinach, kale and beans offer some iron. Still, it is not as easily absorbed by the body as in animal products. To get enough iron from plant sources, you'll need to pair them with vitamin C-rich foods like citrus and tomatoes.
Amino acids found inumes and grains can also help your body to absorb iron. You can also consider taking an iron supplement if you're worried about low iron levels. Your iron absorption will also get a boost from eating vegan probiotics.
Omega 3 fatty acids
Omega 3 fatty acids are important for brain health and development. They are typically found in animal-based products such as fish and eggs. Vegans can find omega 3s in flaxseed, chia seeds, and walnuts, so there's no need to worry.
The body may not as easily absorb plant food sources of omega 3s, so you can also consider taking vegan supplements.
Zinc
Animal products like red meat contain zinc necessary for a healthy immune system. Plant-based sources include nuts and seeds such as pumpkin, sunflower, sesame and hemp.
Given the challenge of getting enough zinc from plant foods, you may consider adding a vegan zinc supplement.
Calcium
Your bones need calcium for strength and growth, but it’s mostly found in dairy products like milk and cheese. To ensure you get enough calcium on a vegan diet for your bone health, reach for plant-based sources such as nuts, seeds, fortified non-dairy milk and leafy greens.
You can also look for vegan calcium supplements if you’re worried about your intake.
These nutrient deficiencies can lead to serious health problems if not addressed, so it’s important to ensure you eat a balanced diet and watch for signs of deficiency. A vegan probiotic supplement may help avoid nutritional deficiencies and support gut health.